Critics on the ” Discourse on the Arts and Sciences” Free Essays

It can not be denied that with the advancement of science and innovation, individuals live in an increasingly agreeable way which they can never picture one hundred years. Sciences and expressions change people’s contemplations and improve human culture. A few changes might be acceptable, others might be not so brilliant, however regardless of how, we despite everything go ahead in the rush of science upheaval. We will compose a custom article test on Pundits on the † Discourse on the Arts and Sciences† or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now What researchers do is about human, dislike Rousseau contended, which is just a consequence of pride and vanity. For instance, do weâ need vehicles, trains, planes? No, sullen we can stroll to anyplace by our own feet, regardless of to what extent it takes or how hazardous it tends to be. Do we need telephones? Obviously not, I can holler from one mountain to the next attempting to tell my mom I will return home later. Reason for my mockery and please no offense, however I need to cite the analysis from Jules Lemaitre who thought the moment worship of Rousseau as ‘one of the most interesting evidences of human’s stupidity’. Material plenitude likewise brings a few issues and the basic one is disparity which is the most significant contention arised by Hippies. The end they give is not any more material, and we should all return to crude or supposed as ‘noble savage’. Clearly it is an unadvisable and ridiculous thought. Imbalance can not be completely maintained a strategic distance from whether we use forks or not. When wolves cooperate for chasing, there is an Alfa as a pioneer who is the most grounded one of the term and will get more nourishment for its assurance from foes. Is that reasonable for different individuals increase less in light of the fact that they are brought into the world more vulnerable? Would it be a good idea for them to simply relinquish eating for maintaining a strategic distance from undesirable contamination? Most importantly, I can’t state consent to Rousseau for his mentality to sciences and ars. On the off chance that there are any injustice brought about by sciences, what we ought to do is to creat increasingly material riches for everybody can bear the cost of extravagance. There will be no disparity which is equivalent to crude society, and the thing that matters is sufficient material. Instructions to refer to Critics on the † Discourse on the Arts and Sciences†, Essay models

Paper Report For The Chapters One And Two Of The Book Peoples History

Paper Report For The Chapters One And Two Of The Book Peoples History Paper Report For The Chapters One And Two Of The Book People's History Of US: (1492 People groups History of US: (1492 - Present) (Modern ic)- section one and two report Identify the focal theory of part one and two of Zinn. The two parts being talked about clarify about colonization: immediate and roundabout and of two unique mainlands however by individuals from a similar landmass yet who had various thought processes. The principal part clarifies colonization of America (a roundabout record of how it began) by Christopher Columbus. Columbus’ colonization on the Arawak was aberrant and absolutely unintentionally yet by and by he abused them (Zinn 19).The same part likewise gives instances of how different Europeans from various European nations additionally came to America after its revelation by Columbus and they began likewise colonizing different Indians who were there generally the Iroquois attempting to change their lifestyles and culture. They figured out how to disturb their local culture deserting ill will (Johnston 29).Chapter however extraordinary is comparable as well. The colonization for this situation is on the African nations occurred similarly where the Europeans needed merchandise from Africa and they subsequently subjugated them and carried back others as slaves with them and offering them in America to the white affluent individuals to be their slaves and hirelings (Pickett and Dwayne 15).Those not taken as slaves were colonized. The Europeans in the diverse African nations utilized various techniques to attempt to edify the African with their â€Å"superior† culture making them relinquish their societies and different conventions since they were bad enough including their training and strict beliefs.Discuss why the writer picked the title of the chapter.The titles of the two parts: â€Å"Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress† and â€Å"Drawing the Color Line† are in accordance with the clarifications being given inside the section and they go about as a kind of rule of what the peruser ough t to expect is examined inside the chapters.Work CitedJohnston, Harry. A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print.Pickett, Margaret and Dwayne, Pickett. The European Struggle to Settle North America: Colonizing Attempts by England, France and Spain, 1521-1608. California: McFarland, 2011. Print.Zinn, Howard. A Peoples History of the United States: 1492 to Present. New York: HarperCollins, 2010. Print.

Strategic Marketing Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Key Marketing Management - Case Study Example In any case, street to invasion into such expanded markets was not that simple and required a development from Dell’s the executives and arrangement producers. This development was not limited uniquely to new procedures or strategies, however to a total patching up of its way of life and the way business representative relationship exists. Question 1 Dell had been working as the Numero Uno player in the PC business, abandoning IBM and Compaq. All credit to its inventive direct-to-sell model. In any case, Michael Dell (CEO and Founder of Dell Corporation) wanted to develop further and stretch out the objectives on the grounds that as indicated by him, brilliant marketing projections are not in every case genuine and the vast majority of the occasions, they convey shrouded dangers. Despite the fact that Dell had been posting mammoth benefits in its PC deals, yet advancement was required on account of spreading discontent among Dell representatives and reducing impact of pioneers . The development at Dell was the antecedent to its extension and enhancement binge and thusly, required an absolute patching up of the overall culture and standards. Each procedure comes appended with qualities and furthermore a few imperfections. Advancement methodology at Dell was solid in its origin and arranging perspectives on the grounds that the pioneers had smelled the subtleties of representative separations with the Corporation. Thusly, the advancement technique was set apart by a change in the character and demeanor of the pioneers itself-Michael Dell and Kevin Rollins. This started new enthusiasm, impact and regard among the workers that even the ranking directors and friends proprietors are so dedicated to develop the organization that they are prepared to change the manner in which they carry on. Mixing social similarity was the venturing stone and for sure one of the qualities of the development system sought after at Dell (Interaction Associates n.d). Two-in-a-crate approach was another rousing and impacting highlight just as quality of the advancement system (Park 2003). It cultivated solidarity, shared working and synergistic accomplishment of objectives when two directors or representatives worked pair. Another solid component of Dell’s advancement methodology was reasonably arranged and dissected choices. The maxim behind advancement methodology was ‘efficient and not gainful operations’. This is the reason Dell even relinquished huge numbers of new pursuits and passage alternatives which appeared to be rewarding however didn't hold a lot of extent of future guarantee. Development ought not be at the expense of current situating and made sure about market standing. Dell could have continued with the choices, however what is important is the worth which ought to be conveyed to the clients regarding proficiency, dependability and worth (Dell 2002). This is the thing that the greatest quality of development methodology was . Be that as it may, being excessively inflexible on seeking after vital choices and not building up the innovative work capacities of the organization considers one of the shortcomings of its advancement technique. Dell left upon numerous endeavors yet ended them in halfway in light of cost or possibility choices. This is something which isn't normal out of an accomplished and initiative position holding mammoth. Advancement is a hazard return tradeoff which was not comprehended and perceived by Dell. A representative enlistment issue is likewise clear from the case which divulges concerns like nonappearance of base up the executives approach, absence of strengthening and imagination in workers and choices streaming in from the top administration framework of the organization. Question 2 Whatever advertise Dell enters or

George Saunders Analysis

George Saunders Analysis Unexpressed Internal Conflicts Clashes are fundamental for the story as well as pith of the story. Perusers incline toward composing styles in which they can include themselves through the whole story and feel the ‘anxiety of the hero or different characters to accomplish the objectives set by them. George Saunders mirrors this composing style in a portion of his short stories, particularly The Wavemaker Falters and The 400-pound CEO. His splendid humorous writing in these accounts depicts the storytellers shrouded feelings and sentiments which lead to sick destiny. He is smart in the manner he portrays the points of view of his characters with validness. This point by point and obtuse depiction of the wild strings of thought of the characters causes us comprehend the explanation for their entire lives entanglements. We comprehend that self articulation goes far in keeping ones mental soundness in the disturbed and dim world made by Saunders. The heroes of Saunders stories hold their veritable feelings within themselves which in the long run lead to their ruin. In The Wavemaker Falters, the storyteller is compelled to smother his annoyance he feels towards Leon as he is hard squeezed under the blame of slaughtering a little fellow by net specialized heedlessness. He is overwhelmed by lack of involvement and acquiescence, two components by which he drives his everyday life. This prompts his destruction as he loses his satisfaction, his better half and all that had once been huge to him. In this short story, Leon continually helps him to remember his blame by asking him not to feel remorseful which as opposed to being of any assistance essentially served to stoke the fire (Saunders 38). Besides, his life gets nightmarish as he gets Clive in his fantasies, in a condition of absolute frustration. â€Å"One night he shows up swearing in Latin while some other time with a wild tale about an old African culture that pre-owned r adio waves to hand-off ancestral myths†(Saunders 39). Storyteller doesn't resolve this issue by counseling an authority, however keeps on getting discouraged by the way that he finished an honest life. Then again, Jeffery in The 400 pound CEO stifles his resentment and irateness brought about by everyday treatment offered by his partners. He is amiable and idealistic about existence and thinks he merits another opportunity at satisfaction. He is depicted as a confident person with a high level of expectation all through the story. He accepts that in the event that he is amiable and agreeable; it may change people groups practices and impression of him. In the story, he slaughters Tim during the time spent attempting to spare a blameless young ladies life. He submits the homicide ‘sick with rage realizing that Tim was a merciless beast. He constantly uncovered Tim as a liable individual. Despite the fact that Jeffery perpetrates the wrongdoing, his expectation is consistently to ensure others, which he experiences issues communicating because of dread of being derided (Saunders 59). This absence of self articulation was the reason for the restrained displeasure. Saunders composing style communicates good faith and capitulation to the inevitable in both the short stories to make his parody keen. In the Wavemaker Falters, Saunders makes reference to storytellers cynical character in his dealings with Simone. The storyteller shows extraordinary rapacity with Simones satisfaction. He goes to Leons office and trusts that Simon will come out ‘flushed and cheerful. â€Å"He needs to leaps out and stand up to her however he doesnt† (Saunders 42). In any event, when he assembles mental fortitude to face his significant other in regards to her undertaking with Leon; he is put somewhere near Simone who straightforwardly acknowledged her expressions of love for Leon. He acknowledges the way that Simons relationship with Leon will proceed with regardless of what he does (Saunders 43). Subsequently he turns into even more down and out and needs energy to recover what is genuinely his. Then again, Jeffery in The 400 pound CEO is idealistic and confident till the end. In any case, then again, he offers a solid agnostic expression due to the solid sentiments of being cheated by God himself â€Å"I have a feeling that God is unjustifiable and specially rebuffs his powerless, his stupid, his fat, and his apathetic. I accept he enjoys more his ideal animals, and roots for them like a brainless father as they run roughshod over the remainder of us†(Saunders 63). He is unmistakably disappointed with his physical appearance. He trusts that there is a God who controls the SubGod. He wishes his resurrection with progressively â€Å"beautiful child, bound for an alternate life in which I am mind blowing, smooth as a deer, a winner† (Saunders 64). He doesn't lose trust. Notwithstanding that, he demonstrates his readiness to make sure about one more opportunity at life by asking Freeda out. She misdirects him into accepting that she needed to date him, when the fact of the matter was that she needed the cash Tim offered for it. In addition, Jeffery, a 400 pound CEO, acknowledges duty regarding Tims murder. He wished everything would end up well in the event that he talks reality before the appointed authority. Truth be told, â€Å"the judge valued his trustworthiness for sparing a young ladies life† (Saunders 63). As an end, Saunders real parody in these accounts attaches the crowd to peruse his writing. The storyteller from The Wavemaker Falter displays the characteristics of negativity and shows that he accepts that he is feeble to change his fate. Then again; Jeffery from The 400 pound CEO has an idealistic view in of life and never loses trust till the end. Likewise, the embellishment was an incredible assistance as it encouraged the exact comprehension of the storytellers and different characters in the narratives. It brings home the way that absence of self articulation mess the brain, making it difficult for the person to live calmly. Works Cited Saunders, George. CivilWarLand in terrible decay. New York: The Berkley Group, 1996.

Essay Question For Grad School Application Samples

Essay Question For Grad School Application SamplesEssay question for grad school application samples are included in almost every graduate program. So, you can say that the subject matter and format of a grad school essay is very important. If you have one, then you must be aware of its importance. You must have also some idea about what the questions must be and what the possible answers to the questions are.The criteria on admissions is based on your academic and personal background, your grades, your grade point average (GPA), and other information about you. One of the easiest ways of writing your own essay is to ask the admissions advisors some general questions. You need to write with the assumption that a particular student will submit an application for a program he or she is applying for. Of course, they will not all do that, but most of them will know the basic requirements for each program they are applying for.Asking the admissions advisor your own questions will make you think about their potential students and will also help you build a rapport. After all, you are here to serve as a counselor and tell your potential students about different programs, so you have to be able to talk to them in a friendly way. This may sound easier said than done, but it can be easy if you know how to write your own essay question for grad school application samples. Here are some of the common questions that admissions advisors ask.Many of them base their initial admissions on first impressions. A prospective student's first impression of the college is reflected in his or her response to a question such as: 'What do you hope to gain from a given college or university?' It is best to avoid answering this question in a direct manner as it will only increase your chances of being declined.Another common question that admissions officers will ask you is what you hope to gain from your grades, your grade point average (GPA), and your professional achievements. Of course , it is always good to be honest. If you use your grades as an excuse for your poor performance, it is a sure sign that you are not prepared to answer these questions honestly.The same goes for any other personal or specific details of your life. It is very unlikely that the admissions officer will want to know about your extracurricular activities or your hobbies, but some of them might.You will be asked about your aspirations, what you hope to achieve in life, and other specifics that will give your admissions officer a clear picture of what kind of person you are. For example, some colleges will want to know about your long-term career plans. In addition, some schools may be interested in knowing if you want to work at a particular company or firm and be their next employee.The essay question for grad school application samples must be clear and simple to answer. The purpose of the essay is to ask a question and then answer it.

SAT and ACT Test Dates and Registration Deadlines

Here’s When You Can Take the SAT and ACT Taking the SAT or ACT is a big element of the college admissions journey for many students, and it’s important for students and parents to know when the exams are offered, when to register, and how much it costs. Here are SAT and ACT test dates for 2016-17 and registration deadlines. SAT Test Dates Deadlines [2016-2017] Test Date SAT Registration Deadline $45/$57 (w/ essay) Late Registration Deadline +$28 October 1, 2016 September 1, 2016 September 20, 2016 November 5, 2016 October 7, 2016 October 25, 2016 December 3, 2016 November 3, 2016 November 22, 2016 January 21, 2017 December 21, 2016 January 10, 2017 March 11, 2017 February 10, 2017 February 28, 2017 May 6, 2017 April 7, 2017 April 25, 2017 June 3, 2017 May 9, 2017 May 24, 2017 ACT Test Dates Deadlines [2016-2017] Test Date ACT Registration Deadline $42.50/$58.50 (w/ writing) Late Registration Deadline +$27.50 September 10, 2016 August 5, 2016 August 19, 2016 October 22, 2016 September 16, 2016 September 30, 2016 December 10, 2016 November 4, 2016 November 18, 2016 February 11, 2017* January 13, 2017 January 20, 2017 April 8, 2017 March 3, 2017 March 17, 2017 June 10, 2017 May 5, 2017 May 19, 2017 *No New York test centers scheduled. Should You Take the SAT or the ACT? One of the first decisions students need to make when preparing for college is whether to take the SAT or the ACT. At, we advise students to choose the test that’s best suited for their abilities, and prepare for that one, rather than preparing for both. So how do you know which test is best for you? First, learn the differences, and similarities, between the two, then take a diagnostic of each. SAT ACT Sections Math, Reading, Writing, Optional Essay (Science passages embedded in all sections.) English, Math, Reading, Science, Optional Essay Time 3 hours, +50 minutes with essay 2 hours 55 min, +30 minutes with essay Answering 4 answer options, no point deduction 4 answer options, no point deduction Scoring Out of 1600 - 800 math, 800 reading/writing Out of 36 - 36 per section that is then averaged for composite; Essay scored separately on a 2-12 scale Math Section Two sections: One calculator allowed, one no calculator; 80 minutes; Less geometry, more algebra, pre-calculus trigonometry added One 60-question, 60-minute section. Tests pre-algebra through trigonometry. Calculator allowed entire time. Reading Section 5 passages, 2 with charts/diagrams, 1 historic document 4 long passages with questions that require students to recall what they read. Questions in random order. Science Section No science section, however science-related passages will be peppered throughout the exam. Science section covers reasoning, charts and graphs, and hypothesis. Writing 4 passages and 44 multiple-choice questions; 35 minutes Just the essay. Essay 1 prompt and one full passage; 50 minutes; essay is optional One topic and three perspectives; students evaluate and provide their own perspective with evidence; 40 minutes; essay is optional Here are some more test prep tips for students preparing for the ACT or SAT. Learn more about the SAT and ACT and how college entrance exam scores affect admission chances by downloading our free College Admissions Guide.

Russian Days of the Week Usage and Examples

The week in Russian follows the same order as the English week, beginning with Monday. Russian days of the week are never capitalized and, just like all other Russian nouns, each has either feminine, masculine, or neutral gender. They also decline based on the case they are in. Russian Word Translation Pronunciation Example Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º masculine Monday puhnyDYEL'nik Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º - Tomorrow is Monday. Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºmasculine Tuesday FTORnik ÐÅ"Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º - We will arrive on Tuesday. Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã °feminine Wednesday sryDAH Ð ¡Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã ° - Ã' Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ ´Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ° Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã ¸ - Wednesday is the middle of the week. Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ³masculine Thursday chitVYERK/chtVYERK Ð £ Ð ²Ã'€Ð °Ã'‡Ð ° Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã °Ã ¼ - The doctor sees patients on Thursdays. Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'†Ð °feminine Friday PYATnitsuh Ð ¯ Ð ¸Ã'… Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ »Ã ° Ð ² Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã °Ã ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ »Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'†Ã'Æ' - I saw them on Friday before last. Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð °feminine Saturday suBOHtuh Ð Ã °Ã ·Ã ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð µÃ ½Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã ° Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'Æ' - It is arranged for Saturday. Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ð µneuter Sunday vuhskrySYEN'ye Ð’ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ð µ Ã'  Ð ²Ã'‹Ã' Ã ¿Ã »Ã'ŽÃ' Ã'Å' - I'll catch up on my sleep on Sunday. Using Prepositions With Russian Days of the Week Ð ²/Ð ²o and Ð ½Ã ° - on (Accusative Case) The preposition Ð ²/Ð ²o means on and is used to indicate that something happens on a certain day. The preposition Ð ½Ã ° also means on but is used in situations where an appointment or an event is planned for a particular day. Ð’/Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º - on/for MondayÐ’Ð ¾/Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º - on/for TuesdayÐ’/Ð ½Ã ° Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã'Æ' - on/for WednesdayÐ’/Ð ½Ã ° Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ³ - on/for ThursdayÐ’/Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'†Ã'Æ' - on/for FridayÐ’/Ð ½Ã ° Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'Æ' - on/for SaturdayÐ’/Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ð µ - on/for Sunday Examples: Ð’Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‡Ð ° Ã' Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã' Ã'  Ð ² Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã'Æ'.Pronunciation: VSTREcha sastaEETsa f suBBOtu.Translation: The meeting will take place on Wednesday. Ð’Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‡Ð ° Ð ½Ã °Ã ·Ã ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð µÃ ½Ã ° Ð ½Ã ° Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã'Æ'.Pronunciation: VSTREcha nazNAchyna na SRYEdu.Translation: The meeting is arranged for Wednesday. Ã' /Ã' Ã ¾ - From, Since (Genitive Case) and Ð ´Ã ¾ - Until (Genitive Case) Ð ¡/Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ° - from / since / until MondayÐ ¡/Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ° - from/since/until TuesdayÐ ¡/Ð ´Ã ¾ Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã'‹ - from/since/until WednesdayÐ ¡/Ð ´Ã ¾ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã ° - from/since/until ThursdayÐ ¡/Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'†Ã'‹ - from/since/until FridayÐ ¡/Ð ´Ã ¾ Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'‹ - from/since/until SaturdayÐ ¡/Ð ´Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  - from/since/until Sunday Example: ДÐ ¾ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¹.Pronunciation: da vaskrySYENya PYAT DNYEY.Translation: It is five days until Sunday. Ð ¿Ã ¾ - Until, Including (Accusative Case) ПÐ ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º - until/including/to MondayПÐ ¾ Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º - until/including TuesdayПÐ ¾ Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã'Æ' - until/including WednesdayПÐ ¾ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ³ - until/including ThursdayПÐ ¾ Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'†Ã'Æ' - until/including FridayПÐ ¾ Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'Æ' - until/including SaturdayПÐ ¾ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ð µ - until/including Sunday Example: Ð ¡ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ° Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'†Ã'Æ' Ã'  Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã'Æ' Ð ½Ã ° Ã'€Ð °Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'Æ'.Pronunciation: s panyDYELnika pa PYATnicu ya haZHOO na raBOtuTranslation: From Monday to Friday I go to work. Ð ¿Ã ¾ - on (Plural, Dative Case) ПÐ ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ °Ã ¼ - on MondaysПÐ ¾ Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ °Ã ¼ - on TuesdaysПÐ ¾ Ã' Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã °Ã ¼ - on WednesdaysПÐ ¾ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã °Ã ¼ - on ThursdaysПÐ ¾ Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'†Ð °Ã ¼ - on FridaysПÐ ¾ Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð °Ã ¼ - on SaturdaysПÐ ¾ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ¼ - on Sundays Example: ПÐ ¾ Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð °Ã ¼ Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ±Ã ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã'Æ'.Pronunciation: pa suBBOtam aNEE lyuBEEli gooLYAT pa GOradu.Translation: On Saturdays, they liked to go walking around the city. Abbreviations Russian days of the week are often shortened in writing (such as calendars or diaries) using the following abbreviations: ПÐ ½ - MondayÐ’Ã'‚ - TuesdayÐ ¡Ã'€ - WednesdayÐ §Ã'‚ - ThursdayПÃ'‚  - FridayÐ ¡Ã ± - SaturdayÐ’Ã'  - Sunday Russian Vocabulary for Scheduling and Planning Russian Word Translation Pronunciation Example Ð ¡Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'  Today syVODnya Ð ¡Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ½Ã'  Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¸Ã º - Today is Tuesday. Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° Tomorrow ZAVTruh ДÐ ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° - Until tomorrow./See you tomorrow. Ð’Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° Yesterday fchyeRAH Ð’Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° Ã'ˆÐ µÃ » Ã' Ã ½Ã µÃ ³ - Yesterday it snowed. Ð Ã °(Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¹) Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µ During the week na (Etay) nyDYEly Ðâ€"Ð °Ã ¹Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ Ð ½Ã ° (Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¹) Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µ - Pop in this week. Ð Ã ° Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ´Ã'Æ'Ã'ŽÃ'‰Ð µÃ ¹ Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µ Next week na SLYEdushey nyDYEly Ð ¯ Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ ·Ã ¶Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ½Ã ° Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ´Ã'Æ'Ã'ŽÃ'‰Ð µÃ ¹ Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µ (ya ooyezZHAyu na SLYEdushey nyDYEly) - I am leaving next week. Ð Ã ° Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ »Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µ Last week na PROSHlay nyDYEly Ð’Ã' Ã µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ »Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ »Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã µ - It all happened last week. ПÐ ¾Ã ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° Day before yesterday puhzafchyRAH ПÐ ¾Ã ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ã' Ã ¾Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'‰Ð µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ - We received a message the day before yesterday. ПÐ ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° The day after tomorrow POSlyZAVTruh ПÐ ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ·Ã °Ã ²Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ° Ð ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ½Ã °Ã'ŽÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  Ð ºÃ °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ'Æ'Ð »Ã'‹ - School holidays begin the day after tomorrow. Ð §Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ · Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Ž After a week/a week from CHYEryz nyDYElyu Ð £Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ ¼Ã' Ã'  Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð µÃ · Ð ½Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ »Ã'Ž - We'll see each other next week/see you next week. Ð §Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ · Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' Every other day CHYEryz DYEN' ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð »Ã µÃ ºÃ °Ã'€Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð µÃ · Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' - Take the medicine every other day. Ð §Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ · Ð ¼Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã'† In a month's time CHYEryz MYEsyts Ð §Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ · Ð ¼Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã'† Ð ½Ã °Ã'‡Ð °Ã »Ã' Ã'  Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã ¾Ã ½Ã'‚ - The renovations began a month later.

The Coca-Cola Company - Standardisation Adaptation

Abstract The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s leading beverage company, with markets in over 200 countries and over 1,100 brands under their portfolio. The company was founded in 1886 and is currently headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. This paper seeks to explain the impact of globalization on the standardization versus adaptation decision using examples from the Coca-Cola Company’s performance and strategies since their inception as a company. Introduction Globalisation can be defined as the movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration by countries and their populations globally. It is a constant process and it has resulted in the intertwining and generalisation of the needs and wants of people†¦show more content†¦Thus it can be inferred that the company has kept its core concepts standardised while only adapting a regional touch on the peripheries, thus saving costs and reinforcing brand equity. Coca-Cola has been estimated to have saved $90 million in production costs over 20 years by producing worldwide commercials focused on similar themes (Onkvisit Shaw, 1990). Coca Cola’s international achievement can be attributed to numerous of things, but in order to think globally one must first think locally. This is the main message that Coca Cola Company place huge emphasis on whenever they are entering a country. (Miller) Coca Cola has formatted its approach strategically using a tactical method, this is done to provide the appropriate marketing activities and beverage to its customers. As part of Coca Cola vision to taste the same around the world, they have chosen to standardize its product and manufacturing process. In Trinidad and Tobago the local name for Coca Cola is â€Å"Coke†. From the perspective of consumers the key conceptual categories are not the flavours and colas that marketer hold in high regard, but what we refer to locally as the ‘black’ sweet drink. (Miller) Trinbagonian’s are particularly fond of sugar and sweet products this is linked to the days of the sugar cane field. Coke came into Tr inidad in 1939, while under the British Government. (Miller)Show MoreRelatedStandardisation Versus Adaptation in a Globalisation Context2468 Words   |  10 PagesStandardisation versus Adaptation in a Globalisation context Challenge This is the challenge facing primarily multinational firms whether to standardise their local offering or adapt/localise it for the market they are selling into. According to De Wit and Meyer (2010), the question facing managers is whether they should anticipate and encourage global convergence by emphasising global standardisation, centralisation and coordination or should managers acknowledge and exploit international diversityRead MoreThe International Marketer Of Overseas Markets1383 Words   |  6 Pagesoverseas markets. Thus, those companies always use original marketing communication strategy in overseas markets (Heslop et al, 1993). At the same time, standardising communication in overseas markets has lots of advantages. To begin with, Backhaus and van Doorn (2007) claim that â€Å"standardisation is a trade-off between the possible economic benefits of a standardised approach’’ (Denetrs, 2009). Depending on unifying marketing communication around the world, companies can gain overall economies ofRead MoreInternational Marketing Plan for Coca-Cola Company7276 Words   |  30 PagesIntroduction This assessment report is based on the International Marketing Plan that conducts to introduce global firm, Coca-Cola Company into Malaysia market. The report is consisting of four aspects which covered company profile, marketing mix, marketing plan, and implementation and control. 1.1.0 Company Background Coca-Cola Company is the well known and world’s leading beverage company. In 1886, John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist was done his own experiment through stirred up a fragrant, caramel-coloredRead MoreInternational Marketing Strategy1738 Words   |  7 PagesHow can we reconcile this fact with the objectives of global marketing that emphasises a strategy of standardisation of products and brands across the entire world? Executive Summary: Companies developing a global marketing strategy must consider its impact and influence on the company. Crucial for development of global marketing strategy is clear segmentation and positioning of product and company on the market. Advantages of global strategy could also come from using cheap local and national sourcesRead MoreStandardization vs Localization2823 Words   |  12 Pagescultures to be represented. Achieving the local flare was undertaken by creating new packaging with pictures of people from around the world as well as providing for local and regional promotional efforts. The issue, in other words, is whether a company should follow strategy of geo-centrism or polycentrism. The question is whether all the markets should be regarded as a single homogeneous market that can be successfully tapped with a globally standardization marketing or whether there should beRead MoreThe Standardisation vs. Adaptation Debate Essay examples2820 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction: Rapid globalization, companies keen to spread out internationally companies is faced by a very critical question of whether to standardize or to adapt its product or services. Global marketers have been trying to conclude with a particular answer to this great dilemma. Over the years as modern industry has developed, to standardize or to adapt has become a very important defining decision for the marketers. Each has its own pros cons but to choose the right is a tough choice to makeRead MoreCoca-Cola: International Business Strategy for Globalization10128 Words   |  41 PagesInternational Trade Academic Research Conference (ITARC ), 7 – 8th November, 2012, London.UK. COCA-COLA: International Business Strategy for Globalization Michael Ba Banutu-Gomez William G. Rohrer College of Business, Rowan University, USA Key Words International Differentiation Strategy, Global Strategy, International Marketing Strategy, Culture in International Marketing Strategy, Coca-Cola Strategy, International Distribution Strategy, Choosing Distributors and Channels, The Challenge of DistributionRead MoreAnalyze the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Global Brand Name2797 Words   |  12 Pagesnon-essential attributes and they are a source of business’s differential advantage. When the company exports a product label, it has the choice between using: specific brands in each market (local brands), or a single brand for all its foreign markets (global brand). The decision between these two alternatives, which each have their advantages and drawbacks is related to the choice between standardization and adaptation of brands in foreign markets and the desire to associate a local image or a foreign imageRead MoreStandardisation and Adaptation Within International Marketing Context24708 Words   |  99 PagesTHE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Integration of Standardisation and Adaptation Marketing Mix Strategy Reference to Shiseido Company in UK and China Being a Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration (General) in the University of Hull by Ai Jun Hou , BA (Honours) (April 20, 2001) Acknowledgement This dissertation reflects the contribution and insights of many people. I shall take the opportunity to thank the followingRead MoreA Key Challenge for International Marketers Is to Develop a Good Understanding of the International Business Environment. Identify the Key Environmental Actors That Are of Importance to the Success of International1387 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironmental factors that a company must consider when operating outside its domestic market which have a significant impact on international marketing decisions and are imperative for success. The key environmental factors are outlined below: Doole and Lowe (2004) stated the key problem faced by international marketers is dealing successfully with the multi-dimensionality and complexities of the international environment. By understanding the environment, companies can implement a successful marketing

Literary Analysis Animal Farm - 1050 Words

Literary Analysis Mollie In Animal Farm there are many controversial figures who also have interesting connections to the Russian revolution. Mollie is among these controversial members of the mythical animal run society. She has connections to the rich prissy people in Russia that when the revolution took place who immediately looked for an easy way out as soon as they had to do work to earn their due. In Orwell’s Animal Farm Mollie is vain, selfish, and did not care about the revolution leaving before the action. Mollie has never been all that committed of a character on the farm. Often caring more about her sugar and bows then what work she needed to do for Mr. Jones. As time went on, and the revolution took place, there is little to no change in how she acts, still feeling an obsession for the lavish things that comes with being a pet brings. The first time it is apparent that Mollie is still attached to the lavish things is when in Orwell’s Animal Farm is on page 2 2-23 â€Å"They were just coming down the stairs when Mollie was discovered to be missing. Going back, the others found that she remained behind in the best bedroom she had taken a piece of blue ribbon from Mrs. Jones’s dressing table, and was holding it against her shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very silly manner. The others reproached her sharply, and they went outside.† She is obviously at this point still not willing to commit for the greater cause of the farm. Will she ever come around andShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm1614 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective. Recognizing these patterns in literary works can enable a reader to understand a dense text that they would ordinarily find troubling. George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an emblematic novel that reflects the events leading to the Russian Revolution, on the surface level. Understanding the symbols and patterns in both literary works and history allowed me to apply an even deeper meaning to the book. Animal Farm involves a rebellion of the animals against the oppressive force, the farmerRead MoreAnimal Farm Literary Analysis710 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwell, a writer of many novels and other literature, one of his most known is Animal Farm.This book is where Orwell’s political style as well as other techniques he used in his writing were used most. Animal Farm is about farm animals who are being neglected by their owner, and they decides to overthrow him and take control of their farm. However, that is only the the outer layer of the story, looking under the surface, this is an allegory detailing the Russian Revolution. 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A motion picture of the novel was later produced on the 29th of December 1954 by director Joy Bachelor. There are many differences and similarities between the novel and film involving the use of characters, symbolism, themes, dialogue and events. Animal farm was a successful novel as the length was 112 pages, therefore the movieRead MoreComparision of The Chrysalids and Animal Farm Essay2185 Words   |  9 PagesChrysalids and Animal Farm, which will be compared and contrasted in the following essay, demonstrating the fact that they both target the general audience and not one particular group of readers. The comparison between both novels will be done via the contrast of specific literary elements such as the plot and the moods of the novels, the point of view of the narration and the style of the author, and also via the themes the authors try to convey to their audience through their literary work. It

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1052 Words

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconception of Scouts teacher saying Atticus is teaching her wrong, Aunt Alexandra having views that are discriminating, and Tom Robinson not having a fair trial because of his race. Scouts teacher gets upset with her after Miss Caroline figures out she’s literate and Scout makes it worse by antagonising Miss Caroline by trying to explain things to her. â€Å"Teach me?† I said in surprise. â€Å"He hasn t taught me anything, Miss Caroline. Atticus ain t got time to teach me anythi ng†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"If he didn t teach you, who did?† Miss Caroline asked good-naturedly. â€Å"Somebody did. You weren t born reading The Mobile Register†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Miss Caroline apparently though I was lying. â€Å"Lets not let our imaginations run away with us, dear,† she said. â€Å"Now tell your father not to teach you any more. Its best to begin reading with a fresh mind. You tell him i ll take over from here and try to undo the damage.† â€Å"ma’am?† â€Å"Your father does not know how to teach. you can have a seat now.† (Lee 22) Scout s teacher Miss CarolineShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in M onroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1656 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do any harm but make music for us †¦ that’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird†, is a famous quote from the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Atticus, the father of the main character Scout, says this to her and her brother Jem when they receive rifles for Christmas. This book is considered a classic due to the allegory between the book title and the trial that occurs about halfway through the book. In the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is six. She is an innocent

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1620 Words

One of the major themes in Romeo and Juliet is Love and its difficulties. Shakespeare tends to use this often in his plays and verses to create many emotions an effects. The relations and comparisons between the Acts/scenes and sonnets (18,129,36,29) in the play are studied in detail to understand Love and its difficulties. Shakespeare shows us how Love and relationships can change depending on situations by using the sonnets/ scenes and different language /imagery. This play was written during the Elizabethan era and this gives us an insight of what things were like in such a patriarchal society. Difficulties of love and lovers in Romeo and Juliet can be explored and presented in many different ways. During Act 5, Scene 1, we know that Romeo is confused about his feelings for Rosaline and is in love with the idea of being in love. When Romeo meets Juliet in this scene, he is completely smitten by her and feels the need to constantly be around her. An example of this is ‘Oh, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!’. Romeo is expressing how beautiful she is and how she shines brighter than a torches flame. This scene also uses many religious connotations relating to love. For example ‘good pilgrim’ and ‘holy palmers’ kiss’. Also, in this scene, Romeo says ‘Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear’. Romeo expresses that Juliet stands out to him unlike all of the other girls he has been with. Romeo is referring to Juliet as a precious jewel and feels the need to possess herShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Rome o And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare occupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows t he so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet967 Words   |  4 Pagesof ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written by William Shakespeare. Shakespearean time was between the middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution and it was branded by religious changes. William Shakespeare is widely known as the greatest dramatist of all time. Born April 1564, Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is no doubt one of his most famous pieces. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was first published in 1597 and its tragic story of banned love still captures the creativity of its audience today. ‘Romeo and Juliet’, although

Humanitarian and Communities Studies

Question: Discuss about theHumanitarian and Communities Studies. Answer: Introduction Grief may be defined as the response of a survivor to the loss of loved ones. Grief and bereavement are an inevitable part of human lives. The grief that an individual experiences is unique and incomparable. However, the pain caused due to the loss of a loved one is similar to the pain caused due to a burn. George Engels compares the psychological trauma to the physiological one. The grief person experiences can be considered a departure from the state of well-being. The intensity of pain depends on the nature of the relationship. A person may experience numerous kind and amount of grief during one's lifetime. It is during the old age that bereavement and grief occur more frequently. Older people endure the loss of relatives, former colleagues, husband, or wife, or other elderly friends. Loss of near and dear ones creates a stressful event and creates an emotional crisis. Bereavement increases the desire of death. Seeing loss of friends and relatives, one may feel deprived of death. The process of grieving is often an isolating and alienating process. It is during the death of a person that one feels completely disconnected with the outside world. It is expected that the mourner would try to relate his/her grief with someone else and try to measure the scale and extent. It is often seen that the distress is not only about the loss but also about the response that they experience. The grief gets magnified by the replies that people get from their family, friends, relatives, heath care practitioners, and co-workers. Some people think of going to counselors. Counselors try to normalize and suppress grief as bereavement in elderly people may lead to psychological illness like depression (Bowlby, 1977). While some people can cope up with the grief, some are not. The intensity and response of bereavement differ from person to person. Grief and bereavement may affect the physical as well as mental health conditions. It may lead to cognitive and communicative difficult ies. It reduces social support, changes lifestyles, and living standards, and also leads to financial hardship. Hence, it is imperative that grief related depressions must be identified in its earliest stage. It is crucial that friends and family form the life support system of the elderly person at this critical juncture. It is the role of the children to provide emotional support and better health facilities (Betz Thorngren, 2006). Senior citizens undergo a lot of bereavement in the later stages of their life. The greatest emotional blow that an older person may face is the loss of life partner. It is the partner on which people are most dependent during their last stages of life. Loss of partner at this stage may lead to mental instability and other health problems. People respond differently to loss based on internal and external factors. Grief and bereavement are shaped not only by the social and cultural context but also by the nature of the relationship between the deceased and the mourner (Bowlby, 1977). In the western society, though not explicit, there are several rules regarding grief and bereavement which are widely recognized. Such social rules determine who has the privilege of exemption from responsibilities and roles. The privileges are conditioned and granted by the authoritative figure such as a political head or a physician. According to Doka, the social rules of grieving is defined as A set of norms that attempt to determine who, when, where, how long, and for whom people should grieve (Burke Neimeyer, 2013). Many unwritten set standards in the western society describe grief. Violation of any of the set patterns may have a profound impact upon the individual who is bereaved. With the growth and advancement of technology, human beings are living for longer years. With the increase in the number of elderly people, one would find a lot of seniors who experience grief and bereavement due to loss of their spouse. Studies show that "widowhood affects three out of four women. In 1998 there were 7.8 million widowed women age 65 and older in the United States, and 1.5 million widowed elderly men (Worden, 2009). Elderly people often undergo disenfranchised grief, that is, grief not recognized by society. The grief is not recognized as people consider elderly death to be a part and parcel of life. Elderly death may be acceptable to family, friends, and relatives; it is a severe loss to the spouse who was exceedingly dependent on him/her. The grief of an individual is shaped widely by social experiences. However, the nature of the relationship between elderly people determines the extent of grief largely. The mourner passes through several stages of grief. These stages are depression, denial, acceptance, anger, and bargaining. The grief of a person begins once he/she endorses the loss and then express emotions. A bereaved person may experience a heightened sense of vulnerability (Green Grant, 2008). The mourning, bereavement, and grief of a person depend on several mediators such as the relation of the individual, the person itself, the nature of attachment, the manner the person died, proximity, unexpectedness, and suddenness among others. The nature of attachment is one of the essential mediators of grieving. The strength of the attachment with the deceased determines the intensity of grief. The more intense is the love and affection, the more intense is the grief. It also depends on the sense of security between the individuals. If the deceased were essential for the well-being of the survivor, the grief would be more. If the self-esteem of the survivor depended on the lost person, the widow is bound to experience a greater sense of his/her loss of self-esteem. The grief reaction shall be more difficult in such a situation. The feeling of security and self-esteem is very much dependent on their spouses for many individuals (Ghesquiere et al., 2015). However, after the loss of the spouse, the requirements remain the same, but the resources go missing. The ambivalence and closeness between persons in a relationship are also key determinants. There is always a degree of ambivalence in a close relationship. Though a person may love another one, there would always remain a coexistence of negative feelings. The grief reaction would be more where there is an equal coexistence of both positive and negative emotions. In a highly ambivalent relationship, the death of one person results in a tremendous sense of guilt and anger for being left alone(Galatzer-Levy Bonanno, 2012). There would always be conflicts in a relationship. In some relationships, the conflict is to a large extent and in some it is low. The conflict in a relationship affects the psychology of the survivor. This conflict is not merely the conflict during death but in the entire lifetime. The conflicts may arise from physical or sexual abuse in the past. An unresolved conflict would lead to guilt after death. The effect may be so much that the survivor may need counseling (Harris, 2010). A person may suffer from adaptation problems if the survivor is too much dependent on the deceased for daily chores such as preparing meals, paying bills, and driving. The survivor would feel vacant after the death of the spouse. However, a person less dependent would suffer less regarding daily activities. The amount and extent of bereavement in elderly people is dependent on several other factors. If a couple is married for a long time, it will result in deep attachments. The couple would be interdependent and entrenched to family roles. The death of the partner would affect the spouse deeply. The person who would be living would find it difficult to cope with the loss and adjust himself/herself to the situation. High interdependence on each other for certain activities would make adjustment for the living one difficult (Ingham et al., 2016). The bereaved may find himself/herself turning to someone who does not exist. The grief does follow any pattern or trajectory. While some may experience depression or anxiety, others may have euphoria. Some reactions include aimless wandering or insomnia. In such a situation, it is essential to take care of elders and make efforts to consider and understand the manifestations of grief. It is the responsibility of others to treat individual experie nce with respect (Klass et al., 2014). Bereavement is a very natural part of a person's life. It may have a cathartic effect. However, the subsequent period of elongated grief may prove to be harmful and may have long term consequences. A person may undergo various stages of grief namely, the acute or normal grief which is a normal reaction to the loss of the dead one. People may feel the need for isolation and alienation following the period of death. The middle stage involves longing and anxiety for the dead. In this stage, the person realizes the loss of the loved one. The person may find it hard to get support (Lindemann, 1976). People gather for funeral but soon move away to their lives leaving the bereaved person alone. In such a situation, it is not advisable to rush a person through grief as it may lead to further isolation and distress. Discussing the feelings and emotions in such a condition is essential. A person may also experience bouts of grief and emotion frequently. They may suffer a wave like grief pattern shortly after the loss. Family and friends must understand and sympathize the elders during such triggers. These waves are natural progressions in the grieving period and help the person feel in control with the emotions. Ignoring the feelings of a bereaved person or judging him/her may be detrimental (Naef et al., 2013). It is expected of an elderly person to restore his/her life after the death of the spouse. It may be an easy demand on the part of someone who is not sufferer but tough for the person who is facing the loss of a person with whom he/she has existed for so many decades. It is expected that the survivor would continue his/her everyday errand without the partner. Mary Pipher says that Its a miracle that people survive the losses of their mates. There are so many widows and widowers, and we tend to underestimate the magnitude of each tragedy. In our country we expect people to recover from grief quickly" (Parkes, 2013). While some people tend to live on the remaining life without their spouses, some are unable to do so. Individuals experience complicated grief when the process of acute grief manifests into lingering or more severe symptoms (Payne, 2005). Complicated grief is, in fact, a system that does not allow a person to accept the loss of the loved ones and resume normal day to day activities of life. Complicated grief is very much similar to acute grief but the persistence of symptoms is longer than the acute grief. Complicated grief may result in unacceptance of the loss of the loved one and intense, unbearable yearning for him/her. However, the list of sufferings and endurance may vary from person to person. Some of the criteria include inability of the person to trust others and confusion about his/her role in life. Individuals suffering from complicated grief are unable to handle the waves of grief. Elders fail to recover from such grief. However, there are significant differences between complicated grief and depression. For instance, a person suffering from complicated grief may pine for the loved ones and be even stunned because of the loss. Generalized depression lacks this pining and stunning. It is also different from posttraumatic stress as it also lacks stunning and pining for the loss (Parkes, 2013). Research shows that bereaved elderly people tend to live alone after the loss of their partners. While younger widowers and widows tend to move, the older ones remain in the same home they once lived. Living alone may be detrimental for it may arouse intense feelings and emotions. The physical surroundings shared by the couple would stimulate the memories and increase the sense of loneliness thereby leading to a sense of greater loss. Elderly people who had shared a harmonious marriage would be the greater sufferers. On the other hand, there are some who are unable to live alone after the loss and hence need familial and institutional care (Miles et al., 2016). Elderly people who are forced to leave their homes after the loss of their spouse may be at a higher risk of mortality. The loss of spouse and its effects are different for men and women. A man may face greater disruptions and difficulties than a woman. Men are more likely to face new roles; for instance, the role of a homemaker. It becomes difficult for the person to adapt the character without the partner. On the other hand, it is seen that the level of difficulty and disruption is not the same as she is more self-reliant and able to fit into the role of a homemaker. Counseling interventions may be helpful for the bereaved elderly (Harris, 2010). A significant change that a person especially, a widow would suffer the loss of husband is a radical shift in identity. It is more so in case of a woman as the identity of the wife rests on the husband. The survivor may often suffer practical and financial issues. The lifestyle undergoes a drastic change. Women realize and try to understand the financial responsibilities and men try to adapt the roles traditionally belonging to women. Such a threat and change in the identity of a person may lead to psychological distress. Also, changes occur in the use of spaces- both public and private (Green Grant, 2008). It is harder for elderly people to cope with the loss of spouse as the years spent with the partner are more compared to an adult. Old persons face severe health issues. They are more interdependent and hence their grief gets heightened. The spouse forms the emotional and other support systems. Loss of this crucial support system would naturally leave lasting effects. Loss of partner results in more struggle in life and dramatic change (Worden, 2009). The case of LGBT individuals, the sense of loss and bereavement is more compared to others as the couples of LGBT face stigmatization and marginalization from the society. They are more vulnerable to psychological trauma post the death of spouse as such couples are highly interdependent. They are already sufferers of sexual prejudice. They lack the support of institutions and heteronormative culture. In such a scenario in which the person is deemed a minor, it is imperative that the person would suffer from more severe psychological traumas. Institutions and doctors may be reluctant to help such individuals. They may receive unsympathetic responses from the society and thus the grief may be internalized and re-traumatized (Green Grant, 2008). There are many therapeutic techniques to resolve the problem of stress and trauma due to loss of dear and near ones. Reminiscing can be a useful technique to stimulate and breathe life in the elderly adults. Also called life review, reminiscing is a process that occurs naturally. It brings progressiveness in the life of the person. It brings backs the consciousness of past experiences and a resurgence of unresolved conflicts. The process of reminiscence serves the function of adaptation. Siblings and family members can act as the principal source as they are the ones who have seen the most of the person. Also, reminiscence is a way to retain the identity of the individual. Even though physically the person may not be present, the deceased is always present mentally. Reworking the past of the bereaved may have a salutary effect (Bowlby, 1977). Since much of the life experienced with the spouse is internalized by the survivor, he/she never truly loses the deceased mentally. The importa nce of continuing bonds has been recognized widely in the recent years. It is very much possible for an elderly person to be too much dependent on the children. They may see their children as a mode of survival after the death of their spouse. In such a scenario, their children can work wonders in developing new skills. This would benefit the elderly adults in mastering their self-esteem as well. It is important to make the person realize that he/she must not be dependent on someone else, even their children for little things like going to the market or calling the electrician or plumber for repairing. Such activities were earlier done by the husband (Burke Neimeyer, 2013). But after his death, the widow must learn to handle such day to day activities. She may also feel good about developing the personal skills. However, this adjustment may need some time, and it is essential to give the person some time. In a case where the bereaved elderly had been the primary caretaker of a sick spouse, it is seen that the stressful situation was stronger before the death than after it. Thus, it is not proper to always consider a death stressful. The death of a person suffering due to a severe traumatic disease may be a relief factor for the partner. Surely it would bring some emotional pain, but mostly, it would not create a stressful situation. In some cases, the process of bereavement may take a bit longer time and at times it may not have even an end point. Some may have a timeless attachment with the deceased. Some may be at a stage in which they may find the consolidation of their memories as the best option. They may draw sustenance from the memories for the remaining years of their lives (Worden, 2009). It may be possible that all the family members are not willing to come for the counseling sessions. In such a situation, the counselor must try to bring the entire family together for the sessions. It would be easier for the counselor then to assess the problems and work more efficiently. The counselor would be able to get an idea of how the family works as a unit and then give his/her recommendations. It is important that the approach of the counselor is that of a familial system. An assessment of the feelings of all the members of the family would ensure a greater probability of the effectiveness and equilibrium in the mind of the bereaved and the family members as well. To help the bereaved, it is essential that the loss and grief are acknowledged. Continual engagement with the deceased partner may be a source of support for the surviving partner. Hence, it is important not to force a person to stop mourning the loss of the partner. Dreams and memories may be a token of remembrance to the deceased. However, if the bereavement exceeds too much and the person undergoes mental illness, it is imperative that he/she is taken to a therapist so that the suffering is reduced as early as possible. While most people overcome their grief, there are numerous cases where the grief becomes complicated and prolonged. It is essential to ameliorate this hopelessness and make the life of the elderly happy and stress-free. References Almack, K., Smith, T., Moss, B. (2015). Research and policy about end of life care for LGBT people in the UK.Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Health Inequalities: International Perspectives in Social Work, 173. Betz, G., Thorngren, J. M. (2006). Ambiguous loss and the family grieving process.The Family Journal,14(4), 359-365. Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. II. Some principles of psychotherapy. The fiftieth Maudsley Lecture.The British Journal of Psychiatry,130(5), 421-431. Burke, L. A., Neimeyer, R. A. (2013). 11 Prospective risk factors for complicated grief.Complicated grief: Scientific foundations for health care professionals, 145. Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Beyond normality in the study of bereavement: Heterogeneity in depression outcomes following loss in older adults.Social Science Medicine,74(12), 1987-1994. Ghesquiere, A. R., Bazelais, K. N., Berman, J., Greenberg, R. L., Kaplan, D., Bruce, M. L. (2015). Associations Between Recent Bereavement and Psychological and Financial Burden in Homebound Older Adults.OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 0030222815590709. Green, L., Grant, V. (2008). Gagged grief and beleaguered bereavements?'An analysis of multidisciplinary theory and research relating to same sex partnership bereavement.Sexualities,11(3), 275-300. Harris, D. (2010). Oppression of the bereaved: A critical analysis of grief in western society.OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying,60(3), 241-253. Ingham, C. F., Eccles, F. J., Armitage, J. R., Murray, C. D. (2016). Same-sex partner bereavement in older women: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.Aging mental health, 1-9. Klass, D., Silverman, P. R., Nickman, S. (2014).Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Taylor Francis. Lindemann, E. (1976). Grief and grief management: Some reflections.Journal of pastoral care. Miles, T. P., Allegra, J. C., Ezeamama, A., Simpson, C., Gerst-Emerson, K., Elkins, J. (2016). In a longevity society, loss and grief are emerging risk factors for health care use findings from the health and retirement survey cohort aged 50 to 70 years.American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine,33(1), 41-46. Naef, R., Ward, R., Mahrer-Imhof, R., Grande, G. (2013). Characteristics of the bereavement experience of older persons after spousal loss: An integrative review.International Journal of Nursing Studies,50(8), 1108-1121. Parkes, C. M. (2013).Love and loss: The roots of grief and its complications. Routledge. Payne, M. (2005). Chapter 8: Social Psychology and Social Construction. In Modern social work theory (3rd ed., pp. 161-180). Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. Ryan, P., Coughlan, B. J., Shahid, Z., Aherne, C. (2013). Older adults' experience of loss, bereavement and grief.Ageing and Older Adult Mental Health: Issues and Implications for Practice, 109. Shear, M. K., Ghesquiere, A., Glickman, K. (2013). Bereavement and complicated grief.Current psychiatry reports,15(11), 1-7. Stephen, A. (2013). 4 Bereavement and older people.Grief, Loss and Bereavement: Evidence and Practice for Health and Social Care Practitioners, 55. Vitlic, A., Lord, J. M., Carroll, D., Phillips, A. C. (2015). Increased Risk of Infection in Bereaved Older Adults: From Broken Heart to Broken Immune System.Advances in Neuroimmune Biology,6(1), 25-30. Worden, J. (2009). Grief counselling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company, New York

Pathophysiology of Sinus Tachycardia-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Pathophysiology of Sinus Tachycardia. Answer: Introduction Sinus Tachycardia is also called sinus tach and defined as a rate greater than 100 beats/min (bpm) in an average adult. The electrical signals originate in the sinoatrial node (SA) (Abed et al., 2016). There are three types of tachycardia: Sinus Tachycardia Atrial or Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Ventricular Tachycardia Causes of Sinus Tachycardia Causes of Sinus Tachycardia include: Fever Anaemia Pain Excitement Hyperthyroidism Heart failure Mercury poisoning Kawasaki disease Sepsis Dehydration Hypovolemia with hypotension and shock Pheochromocytoma Pulmonary embolism Acute coronary ischemia and myocardial infarction Hypoxia Intake of stimulants such as nicotine, cocaine etc. Electric shock Drug withdrawal Porphyria Pathophysiology of Sinus Tachycardia Pathophysiology: The pathophysiology of ST is very complex and not well understood. Clinical studies have shown many pathophysiological mechanisms in ST. It is generally accepted that the pathogenesis of ST is multifactorial. Others may include -adrenergic hypersensitivity, abnormal baroreflex activity, regional autonomic dysregulation and M2 anticholinergic hyposensitivity (Abed, Fulcher, Kilborn Keech, 2016) The range of contribution of every mechanism in isolation will remain unknown. Interpretation of rhythm strip of Sinus Tachycardia There are five common variations of sinus rhythm: Normal sinus rhythm (60-100 BMP) Sinus bradycardia (60 bpm) Sinus tachycardia (100 bp) Sinus pause/arrest Sinus rhythm is the normal regular rhythm of the heart set by the natural pacemaker of the heart called as sinoatrial node. It is in the wall of the right atrium. The following table summarizes the key features of Sinus Tachycardia rhythm strip: Rhythm Regular Rate Fast (100 bp) P-Wave It may merge with T wave at very rapid rates PR Interval 0.12-0,20 second QRS 0.06-0.10 second Note QT interval shortens with increasing heart rate There are five steps to identify Normal Sinus Rhythm: What is the rate? 60-120 beats per minute 1. What is the rhythm? Atrial rhythm regular Ventricular rhythm regular 1. Is there a P wave before each QRS? Are P waves uniform and upright? Yes Yes 1. What is the length of PR interval? 0.12-0.20 seconds 1. Do all QRS complexes look alike? What is the length of QRS complexes? Yes 0.06-0.12 seconds Sinus tachycardia Positive P wave in lead 2- impulse initiated in sinus node Regular P-R interval Usually, it is caused by increased adrenergic tone (stress, exercise) R-R interval varies Heart rate: - Increases during inspiration - Decreases during expiration P-wave value: First deviation from the isoelectric line It should be upright and rounded P-wave is the Sa node pacing or firing at regular intervals The questions include: Is P-wave present? Are they occurring regularly? Is there 1 P-wave present for every QRS complex present? Do all P-waves look similar? PR Interval Normal: It measures the time interval from onset of atrial contraction to onset of ventricular contraction (Sinha, D., 2016). Measured from the P-wave to the QRS complex. Normal interval is 0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 small squares) PR Interval: Are the PR intervals greater than 0.20 seconds? Are the PR intervals less than 0.12 seconds? QRS Complex: The questions include: Are the QRS complexes greater than 0.12 seconds (in width)? Are the QRS complexes less than 0.06 seconds (in width)? Are the QRS complexes similar in appearance across the strip? A sequential beating of the heart as a result of the generation of electrical impulses It can be defined as: Regular pattern: Interval between the R waves is regular. Irregular pattern: Interval between the R waves is not regular. Regular Rhythm: If the interval is less than 0.06 seconds 0r 1.5 small boxes, then the rhythm is considered to be regular. Asking the patient some questions regarding symptoms, carrying out a physical exam and ordering some tests diagnose Sinus Tachycardia Electrocardiogram (ECG) An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) shows the heart's electrical activity as line tracing on paper (Do?an, 2011). The spikes and dips in the tracing are known as waves. There are two ways for ECG interpretation: ECG recorded patterns ECG recorded electrical vectors Electrodes are attached to the patient's skin to measure the electrical impulses given off by the heart. This test also helps to show any previous heart disease that may contribute to the tachycardia. Echocardiogram It is a type of ultrasound investigation (Gascho, 2015). Blood Tests: Blood tests help to determine whether thyroid problems or other substances may be factors contributing to the patient's tachycardia (Marlais, Francis, Fell Rawat, 2011). Holter Monitor Machine: In this patient wears a portable device that records all the heartbeats and it is worn under the clothes and records the information about the electrical activity of the heart (BegumS. Singh, 2012). Cardiac Event Recorder: Cardiac event recorder is a device similar to a Holter monitor, but it does not record all the heartbeats. These are of two types: A phone is used to transmit signals from the recorder while the patient is experiencing symptoms. Cardiac event recorder is useful for diagnosing rhythm disturbances that happen at random moments (Saygi et al., 2016) Electrophysiological testing (EP studies): EP testing is painless, non-surgical that can help to determine the type of arrhythmia. The test is carried out in an EP lab (Maris, 2011). Tilt-table test: If the patient experiences dizziness, or lightheadedness, and neither the ECG nor the Holter revealed any arrhythmias, a tilt-table test is performed. This monitors the patient's heart rhythm, blood pressure, and heart rate while they are moved from a lying to an upright position (Gursul et al., 2014). Chest X-ray: The X-ray images help the doctor to check the state of individual's heart and lungs ("Building a better x-ray analysis ", 2008). Complications of Tachycardia: It depends on several factors: The severity Rate of tachycardia Duration of tachycardia Common complications: Blood clots- This will increase the risk of heart attack and stroke Heart failure Fainting spells Sudden death- generally only linked to ventricular fibrillation Treatment Not required for physiological sinus tachycardia (Zoeller, 2017). Interpretation of pathology tests: Cardiac stresses such as hypotension, fever, anaemia, hypovolemia, thyrotoxicosis, pulmonary embolic, shock leads to Sinus Tachycardia or increased cardiac demands related to myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. A drug such as atropine, nicotine, isoproterenol, thyroid hormones, and aminophylline can cause sinus tachycardia. It is a no paroxysmal condition and usually presents as an inappropriate high resting sinus rate and a marked increase in rate with minimal activity. Although the mechanism remains undefined, the imbalance between sympathetic and parasypathetic controls are thought to be one of the contributing factors (O'Connor, 2006). The therapy for appropriate sinus tachycardia involves treatment of a primary condition such as infections by antibiotics, hypotension with fluid replacement, and thyrotoxicosis by -blockers and anti-thyroid drug (Nishiuchi, Nogami Naito, 2013). -blockers therapy is the first line of therapy and results in control of sinus and associated symptoms. In patients who are nonresponsive to blockers and calcium-channel blockers, modification of the sinoatrial node with radiofrequency catheter ablation results in slowing of the sinus node. Catheter ablation for sinus node modification deals with the small risk of patients requiring permanent pacemakers. Although sinus node modification has a high initial success rate, there is a high incidence of recurrence (Yedlapati, N., Fisher, J.2014). Sinus node accounts for less than 5% of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. The diagnosis is suggested when the P wave during tachycardia are identical to the P wave in sinus rhythm and have a similar relationship to QRS complex, and further by an abrupt termination of the tachycardia (Bogossian et al., 2014). Sinus node tachycardia can be terminated by intravenous adenosine, verapamil, or blockers. Oral therapy with calcium-channel blockers (Mookerjee Mehta, 2013). The three nursing interventions and specific assessment criteria are: A patient is in sinus tachycardia. Which nursing interventions are appropriate? Observe the patients effects on cardiac function. Administer two readings of acetaminophen (Tylenol) per physician prescription if an elevated temperature is present. If hypovolemia is suspected as the cause, then administer normal saline 0.9% at the prescribed rate of 200 ml per hour. Assessment It uses a systematic, dynamic way to collect and analyse the data about a client, the first step in delivering nursing care. Assessment includes not only physiological, spiritual, economic and lifestyle factors as well. Example: A nurse's assessment of a hospitalized patient includes not the physical causes and manifestations of pain, but the patient's response- an inability to get out of bed, refusal to Eat, withdraw from family members, anger directed at hospital staff, or request for more pain medication (Fonseca, 2012) Abnormal Pathology Result Electrolyte Imbalance: Electrolyte imbalance causes cardiac dysrhythmia. Potassium: Plays key role in both depolarization and repolarization. Causes dramatic ECG changes. High or low levels of potassium in the blood causes heart problems. Sodium: No effect on the cardiac rhythm nor the ECG. Magnesium: Hypomagnesaemia causes atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances. Why it causes Sinus Tachycardia: As potassium, plays key role in many factors like depolarization which causes ECG changes and causes many problems related to heart. Magnesium helps muscles to contract or relax. It balances the heartbeat. Lack of magnesium results in the speedup of heartbeat. External influences on the heart such as hypotension, fever, blood loss, anaemia and exercise. Many forms of sinus tachycardia is found to be more common among females when compared to males. Impact on the patient (Mrs.Jackson): The patients resting heart rate becomes abnormally high- greater than 100 beats/minute. Sinus tachycardia commonly affects elderly people resulting in a condition called Heart Block,as the faster heart rate happens more frequently and lasts longer as the older one gets. Diagnosis of Sinus Tachycardia: Component Purpose Activities Assessment Collecting, organizing, and documenting client data Establish a database about the client's response to health concerns or illness Create a database: Subjective data (not measurable) ? Obtain a nursing health history ? Review patients records ? Review nursing literature ? Consult health professionals Update data as needed Organize data Validate data Communicate/document data Conclusion: The reasons like exercise, anaemia, fever, hypoxemia, dehydration or shocks etc lead to Sinus Tachycardia (Hutton, 2011). Treatments for tachycardia are designed to address the cause of the condition as well as slow a fast heart rate it occurs, prevent future episodes and minimize complications (Cuneo, B. (2008). Ways to slow a heartbeat includes: Vagal maneuvers Medications Cardioversion Treatments: The following treatments are used to prevent or manage episodes of tachycardia: Catheter ablation Pacemaker Implantable cardioverter Surgery Blood clots preventio References Abed, H., Fulcher, J., Kilborn, M., Keech, A. (2016). Inappropriate sinus tachycardia: focus on ivabradine. Internal Medicine Journal, 46(8), 875-883. BegumS., G., Singh, V. (2012). ECG Data from Holter Monitor. International Journal Of Computer Applications, 47(20), 16-21. Bogossian, H., Ninios, I., Frommeyer, G., Bandorski, D., Eckardt, L., Lemke, B., Zarse, M. (2014). U Wave during Supraventricular Tachycardia: Simulation of a Long RP Tachycardia and Hiding the Common Type AVNRT. Annals Of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 20(3), 292-295. X-ray analysis machine. (2008). Physics Today. Dogan, N. (2011). ECG analysis in people without any cardiac symptoms and findings. Turkiye Aile Hekimligi Dergisi, 15(4), 173-177. Fonseca, C. (2012). Nursing Care Indicators to Nursing Homes. Journal Of Nursing Care, 01(03). Gascho, J. (2015). ECG for Pericardial Effusion. The Permanente Journal. Gursul, E., Bayata, S., Tuluce, S., Berilgen, R., Safak, O., Ozdemir, E., Tuluce, K. (2014). Parameters of Heart Rate Variability Can Predict Prolonged Asystole before Head-Up Tilt Table Test. Annals Of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 19(5), 477-482. Lee, M., Hanger, H. (2017). Audit of anticholinergic medication changes in older hospitalized patients using the Anticholinergic Drug Scale. Internal Medicine Journal, 47(6), 689-694. Maris, E. (2011). Testing in electrophysiological studies. Psychophysiology, 49(4), 549-565. Marlais, M., Francis, N., Fell, J., Rawat, D. (2011). Blood tests and histological correlates in children with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Acta Paediatrica, 100(8), e75-e79. Mookerjee, R., Mehta, G. (2013). All beta-blockers are created equal, but some beta-blockers are equal than others. Liver International, 33(4), 501-503. Nishiuchi, S., Nogami, A., Naito, S. (2013). Ventricular Tachycardia. Journal Of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 24(7), 825-827. O'Connor, N. (2006). Screening of pathology tests controls costs: thrombophilia testing. Journal Of Clinical Pathology, 59(5), 556-556. Saygi, M., Ergul, Y., Ozyilmaz, I., Sengul, F., Guvenc, O., Aslan, E. et al. (2016).. Annals Of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 21(5), 500-507. Zoeller, B. (2017). Fetal Supraventricular Tachycardia. Current Treatment Options In Cardiovascular Medicine, 19(1). Hutton, D. (2011). Sinus Bradycardia and Sinus Tachycardia. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 31(2), 75-79. Cuneo, B. (2008). Treatment of fetal tachycardia. Heart Rhythm, 5(8), 1216-1218. Yedlapati, N., Fisher, J. (2014). Pacemaker Diagnosis. Pacing And Clinical Electrophysiology, 37(9), 1189-1197. Sinha, D. (2016). Comparison of Intraoperative ECG Variations (QRS and PR Interval Prolongation) .Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Researc

A.P.A. Style Essay Sample Citation

A.P.A. Style Essay Sample CitationThe most important part of an A.P.A. style essay sample citation is the direct title. Make sure you're writing a short paragraph, and don't use the full-name of the author unless you're writing to honor or remember the person. So, for example, if you're writing to recognize an author's work for the first time or to make a public announcement about it, you could use the word author instead of his name.Next, read over the article for spelling and grammar errors, and check if your author's name is spelled right. If it's spelled wrong, either the spellings in the article, or the author's name, are incorrect. If the article is in a dictionary, use the correct spelling.Next, review all the information in the A.P.A. style essay sample citation that refers to the author's name. Do the references make sense? Did the author describe his work properly? Look over the information again, even if it has been said several times in the article.Maybe you're going to s end it to someone for their permission, and you want to give them an explanation about why they should read the work. Or maybe you have a reason, like an announcement for a book launch, to call the author.Next, look over the A.P.A. style essay sample citation to see what information he's supposed to provide about the author's work. Some examples would be:Either way, the information you provide will be used for a professional form of recognition. Don't forget to include a short biography, and the writer's signature.Inmany cases, you'll be asked to write your own essay if you decide to use this form of recognition, so keep the formatting straight. You can write it for one person, or you can write several pieces for the same author, or to remember a particular author.With this kind of professionalism, you've got the knowledge of how to put together a professional essay without much help. It can be done with your ideas and using this style essay sample citation.